![]() This process, which reached its culmination in the post-Hammurabic period, led to identifying the planet Venus with Ishtar, Jupiter with Marduk, Mars with Nergal, Mercury with Nabu, and Saturn with Ninurta. The personification of the two great luminaries-the sun and the moon-was the first step in the unfolding of this system, and this was followed by placing the other deities where Shamash and Sin had their seats. Identification of the gods and goddesses with heavenly bodies-planets, stars, the sun and the moon-and to assigning the seats of all the deities in the Heavens is found in Assyro-Babylonian religion. ![]() Hepatoscopy: observing the liver of an animal.There were also super-regional mythemes and deities, such as the God Tammuz and the descent to the underworld. Typically, ancient Near Eastern religions were centered on theocracies, with a dominating regional cult of the god of a city-state. Magic ( invocations, conjurings and talismans).City-state–sponsored religions ( theocracy).Polytheism (Though Egypt and Greece were Henotheistic societies).Sacrifices ( plant and animal sacrifice, libations, rarely, but prominently in mythology, human sacrifice).There are broad practices that these religions often hold in common: There are theories of an origin in the Indian Vedic religion, the Zoroastrianism and the Greco-Roman Religion like Orion. The origins of the Roman Mithraism, however, are not resolved. The Greco-Roman mysteries of the Hellenistic period were again consciously connected with ancient Egyptian religion. The Vedic religion, also called as, ancient Hinduism developed further through an unbroken tradition to take the form of modern Hinduism, an exonym used for the modern form of Vedic religion.Īncient Greek religion and the following the Etruscan religion and the Religion in ancient Rome was strongly influenced by ancient Near Eastern religion, but is usually not included in the term. Also the Persian Zoroastrianism shared origin with Indian Vedism and the ancient Iranian religion. 2500 BC, allow glimpses of Sumerian religion and ancient Egyptian religion.Įarly Hittite religion bore traits descended from Proto-Indo-European religion, but the later Hittite religions became more and more assimilated to Mesopotamian religion. Crete (and Mainland Greece) ( Mycenaean Greece): Mycenaean religion.Cyprus, Crete ( Minoan civilization): Minoan religion.Ancient Iran ( Elam, Media, Persia): Zoroastrianism.The Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands ( Urartu): Urartian religion. ![]()
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